![]() ![]() By knitting together primary and secondary sources, government reports and policy documents, the article highlights how the context of a particular policy formulation unfolds in practice in later years, and in the kinds of political and bureaucratic trade-offs that are made, as well as the understanding of resource shortage and pragmatism about how to proceed in institutional practice. The aim is to highlight how the variety of educational and institutional debates that contributed to the ways in which the needs of destitute ‘in-need-of-care’ learners were perceived and addressed in the first half of the twentieth century in Cape Town played out in ‘real time’ within institutional developments at Porter and Ottery in the second half of the century. This is important given the enduring issues it addressed. This article provides a historical narrative about some of the reasoning, thinking and processes that informed the establishment of the Ottery School of Industries in Cape Town in 1948 and the role of Porter Reformatory therein. A testament to the relevance of historical enquiry in the understanding of contemporary politics, Islam and the making of the nation guides the reader through the contingencies of the past which have led to the transformation of a nationalist leader into a ‘separatist rebel’ and a ‘martyr’, at the same time shaping Indonesia’s public perceptions of political Islam and strengthening the position of the Pancasila. The author looks beyond this dichotomy unveiling a ‘third’ dimension of this character, a politician whose legacy has shaped the role of Islam in Indonesian politics. For decades scholars of Indonesia have rejected the religious claims of this movement, interpreting the antagonism between the Islamic state and Soekarno’s republic as a fight for power, self-assertion, or land rights, whilst recently Kartosuwiryo and the DI have become heroic symbols of the local Islamist struggle. ![]() ![]() Tracing a trajectory of political activism consistently dedicated to the formation of an Indonesian state independent of foreign intrusions, the chapters delineate the gradual radicalization of the Islamic party and Kartosuwiryo’s own ideals from the 1920s until the 1950s. Focussing on the dialectic between the religious and secular anti-colonial and nationalist movements, this effort is pursued to understand the failure of political Islam in the mid-1950s and the consolidation of the Pancasila state under Sukarno’s and Suharto’s regimes. Through accurate archival research, the author follows the career and ideology of Kartosuwiryo, the religious nationalist leader of the Sarekat Islam party and later Imam of the Islamic state of Indonesia. This book investigates the relation between Islam and politics in Indonesia throughout the 20th century. ![]()
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